Explain the differences between BLE, Wi-Fi, and mesh topology. How does TCP/IP work in embedded systems? Compare microcontroller memory types. Why choose RS-422 over RS-232? Discuss low-power design techniques. How do bitwise operators optimize memory usage in Embedded C? What’s the difference between structures and unions in C? How do pointers and function pointers improve flexibility in embedded systems? Explain volatile pointers with an example. How can function pointers be used ?